J.J TUITION CENTRE TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN
JAMSHED SOOMRO
GEOMETRY
A branch of mathematics that deals with the measurement, properties and relationship of point, lines surfaces solids and higher dimensional analogues is called geometry.
OR
The measurement of earth is called geometry.
POINT
An infinitesimally, small single location in space which has no length width or height only a location.
LINE
A line is a straight path that goes on forever in both directions. It has no endpoint.
LINE SEGMENT
A linesegment is a part of a line. It has two endpoints.
RAY
A ray is part of a line that begins at one endpoint and goes on forever in only one direction.
PARALLEL LINES
The lines may be parallel, parallel lines will never meet.
PERPENDICULAR LINES
The lines may intersect if they intersect and form right angles, they are perpendicular lines.
ANGLE
An angle is formed by two rays that have a common endpoint. The endpoint is the vertex.
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
Two angles whose measures have a sum 90° are called complementary angles. Each angle is the complement of the other.
SUPPLEMENTRY ANGLES
Two angles whose measure have a sum of 180° are called supplementary angles. Each angle is the supplement of the other.
KINDS OF AN ANGLE
(1) ACUTE ANGLE
An angle whose measure is less than 90° is called acute angle.
(2) RIGHT ANGLE
An angle whose measure is 90° ,is called right angle.
(3) OBTUSE ANGLE
An angle whose measure is greater than 90° but less than 180 is called an obtuse angle.
(4) STRAIGHT ANGLE
An angle whose measure is 180° is called straight angle.
(5) REFLEX ANGLE
An angle whose measure is greater than 180° but less than 360 is called reflex angle.
TRIANGLE
Triangle is a plane closed figure with three sides. The symbol of triangle is .
Sum of all three angles of a triangle is equal to 180° .
TYPES OF TRIANGLE WITH RESPECT TO THEIR SIDES.
(1) EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
It is a triangle having three sides equal in length.
(2) ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
It is a triangle having two sides equal. is an isosceles triangle.
(3) SCALENE TRIANGLE
It is a triangle of different all sides in length. 🔺 is scalene triangle.
TYPES OF TRIANGLE WITH RESPECT OF THEIR ANGLES
(1) ACUTE ANGLED TRIANGLE
If all three angles of a triangle are less than 90° is called an acute angled triangle.
(2) OBTUSE ANGLED TRIANGLE
If one angle of a triangle is an obtuse angle then the triangle is called an obtuse angled triangle.
(3) RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE
If one angle of a triangle is a right angle then the triangle is called a right angled triangle.
SQUARE
Square is a plane closed figure with four sides, all sides are same length, opposite sides are parallel and each angle of right angle.
RECTANGULAR
Rectangular is a plane closed figure with opposite sides are parallel and equal. Each angle is of 90.
PARALLELOGRAM
Parallelogram is a plane closed figure with two pairs of sides have the same length, two pairs sides are parallel and none of angle measure 90.
RHOMBUS
All sides are the same length two pairs of sides are parallel.
TRAPEZIUM
Only one pair of opposite parallel sides.
CIRCLE
A circle is a plane closed figure bounded by a curved line. Every point of curved line is equidistant from the center.
CIRCUMFERENCE
The distance around a circle is called circumference.
RADIUS
The distance from the center of circle to the circumference. Half the diameter.
DIAMETER
A straight line passing through the center of a circle to touch both sides of circumference. Twice as long as the radius.
CHORD
A straight line joining two points in the circumference of a circle. The diameter is a special kind of chord.
ARC
A section of the circumference.
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